Framing-square.



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I. I.. TURNER.

FRAMING SQUARE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. I7. IQII. 1,179,778. PatentedApr, 18, 1916.

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FRAMING SQUARE. APPLICATION FILED AUGA I7, 19H.

Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Snom/1to1 CIL. Zazzze@ Whg/wo LI Is I I I I W@ im THE COLUMBIAPLANDGRAPH C0.. WASHINGTON, D. c.

@FFIFQ JOHN L. TURNER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

FRAMING-SQUARE.

. Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. I8, 1916..

Application filed August 17, 1911. Serial No. 644,558.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, JOHN L. TURNER, a

a view showing the method of utilizing the square to determine thelength of a side citizen of the United States, residing at St. of atriangle having a given altitude, and

Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and `usefulImprovements in Framing-Squares; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same.

This invention relates to framing squares.

The object of the invention resides in the provision of a carpenterssquare adapted to be used in association with an ordinary carpentersbevel `to determine the lengths andy cuts of hip, jack and commonrafters of roof structure and in also forming poly- Oons.

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of a squareof the character named having its tongue and blade provided with certainscales and markings whereby same may be used in association with anordinary carpenters bevel to determine the lengths and cuts of therafters of a roof structure without committing to memory a vast array offigures or resorting to the usual mathematical steps to reach the resultdesired.

l/Vith the above and other objects inV view the invention consists inthe details of construction and in the arrangement and combination ofparts to be hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointedout in the appended claim.

In describing the invention in detail reference will be had to theaccompanying drawings wherein like characters of reference denotecorresponding parts in the several views, and in which- Figure 1 isaplan view of a square constructed in accordance with the invention,exposing to view the scales and marks on one side thereof. Fig. 2 a viewsimilar to Fig. 1 looking at the other side of the square and exposingto view other scales and marks thereon. Fig. 3 a view showing the methodof utilizing the square in determining the length and cuts of commonrafters. Fig. 4 a view showing the method of utilizing the square indetermining the lengths and cuts l of hip rafters. Fig. 5 a view showingthe method of utilizing the square to determine the length and out ofjack rafters. Fig. 6

Fig. 7 a view showing a method of utilizing the square in determiningthe length of the sides of a heXagon having a given altitude, and Fig. 8a view illustrating the method of utilizing the square to frame ahexagonal roof having a one half pitch.

Referring to the drawings, the square is shown as comprising a tongue Band a blade A disposed in the usual relation. The length of the blade Ais represented as 13%` inches and the tongue 6 inches, although thelength of these portions of the square may be varied at will accordingto the character of work to be performed. The faces of the blade andtongue shown in Fig. l have their outer' edges scaled in inches andfractions of an inch, as at 10 and ll respectively, said scalesbeginning at the point of intersection of the outer edges of the tongueand blade` and increasing toward the free ends thereof respectively. Theface of the blade A shown in Fig. 1 is further provided with a pluralityof markings formed of pairs of lines each pair converging to a point atone of the inch graduations from the four inch graduation up. The linesof each pair are respectively designated E. C. R. and E. H. R. whichdesignation means elevation line of common rafters and elevation line ofhip rafters7 and that the line designated E. C. R. in each pair meetsthe outer edge of the blade at an angle equal to the angle that a commonrafter having a given rise per foot meets the horizontal plane while theline designated E. H. R. in each pair meets the outer edge of the bladeat an angle equal to the angle that a hip rafter having a given rise perfoot meets the horizontal plane. In other' words the lines E. C. R. andE. H. R. converging at the t inch graduation meet the outer edge of theblade A at the same angles respectively which common and hip raftershaving a t inch rise per foot run of common rafter meet the horizontalplane. Likewise the lines E. C. R.

yand E. H. R. convergingk at the 5 inch graduation, meet the outer edgeof the blade A at the same angles respectively, at which common and hiprafters having a 5 inch rise-per foot run of common rafter meet thehorizontal plane and so on, the number of each inch graduation on theblade A indicating the rise per foot of hip and com- A mon rafter whichmeet the horizontal plane at angles equivalent respectively to theangles formed by lines E. H. R. and E. C. R. with the outer edge of theblade and Which lines converge at said graduation.

The faces of the blade and tongue of the square illustrated in Fig. 2are provided with graduations and markings Which Will enable the readydetermination of the lengths of sides of regular polygons. This end isobtained by providing the inner edges of the faces of the blade andtongue illustrated in Fig. 2 ivith inch and fraction of an inchgraduations, said graduations starting from the point of intersection ofthe inner edges of said blade and tongue and increasing toward the freeend thereof respectively. The face of the blade illustrated in Fig. 2 isprovided With additional marking which consists ofpairs of linesconverging to a point at the inch graduations respectively, beginning atthe 3 inch graduation and occurring successively at each inch graduationAWith the exception of the t inch graduation and the 6 inch graduationWhere only a marking of a single line occurs. The lines on the face ofthe blade in Fig. 2 Which converge at the 3 inch graduation areindicated respectively by M and A meaning miter of an equiangulartriangle and angle of an equiangular triangle, likewise the pairs oflines which converge at the other inch graduation are indicated by M andA and bear the same relation to a regular polygon having a number ofsides corresponding to the number of the inch graduation at which theyconverge, as the lines M and A converging at the 3 inch bear to anequiangular triangle. These lines M and A are adapted to be utilized inconjunction With a carpenters bevel to determine the lengths of sides,altitudes and miters of regular polygons of various numbers of sides inthe building of various structures.

Referring to Fig. 3 there is illustrated the l method of utilizing themarkings shovvn on the faces of the blade and vtongue of the square inFig. l, to determine the length and cut of common rafters in a roofstructure. In'this instance it is desired to obtain the lengths and cutsof a common rafter having a twelve inch rise per foot and associate witha roof having a base of 8 feet. To this end a carpenters bevel vD ispositioned 'on the line E. C. R. Which runs to the tvvelve inchgraduation on the blade A. After the bevel D is so adjusted it isapplied to the blade A at the four inch graduation as shovvn in Fig. 3and Where the bevel intersects the outer edge of the tongue B isindicated the length of the desired commonk rafter, which Will be ivefeet eight inches as one inch on the square equals one .foot in the Workto be produced. The cuts of a common rafter can thus also be easilydetermined as the angle of the cut is correctly set forth Where thebevel D crosses the outer edges of the tongue B and blade A.

In Fig. 4L is shovvn the method of obtaining the length and cuts of ahip rafter under the same conditions that are set forth with respect toa common rafter in Fig. 3. In the case of a hip rafter the bevel D isapplied to the line E. H. R., which runs to the 12 inch graduation onthe blade A. When the bevel D is then adjusted it is applied to theblade A at the t inch graduation and Where the bevel intersects theouter edge of the tongue B is indicated the length of the desired hiprafter Which is 6 feet 11 and i: inches.

In Fig. 5 is shown the method of obtaining the length and cuts of a jackrafter under the same conditions that are set forth with respect to acommon rafter in Fig. 3. In this case the bevel D isl applied to the E.H. R. line which runs to the l2 inch graduation on the blade A and thenapplied to the two inch graduation on the blade A and Where the bevelintersects the outer edge of the tongue B is indicated on said tonguethe length of a jack rafter located 2 feet from the seat of a hiprafter, the measurement found being 2 feet 10 inches. If under theseconditions the bevel is moved to the 3 inch graduation on the blade Athe reading on the tongue will indicate the length of a jack rafterlocated 3 feet from the seat of Aa hip rafter and in this manner thelength and cuts of a jack rafter located any desired distance from theseat of a hip rafter may be obtained.

In Fig. 6 is shown the method of utilizing the markings on the face ofthe blade A in Fig. 2 to compute the length of a side of an equiangulartriangle having a given altitude. In this instance the bevel D isapplied to the line A running tothe 3 inch graduation and then movedalong the blade A until the bevel D intersects the outer edge of thetongue at a graduation equivalent to the given altitude of the triangle.f The reading on the blade Where the bevel then intersects sameindicates one half the length of the' and then placed to the altitudedesired onthe tongue B and the reading on the blade indicates the lengthof the side of the hexagon. The lengths of the sides'of other regularpolygons. havinga given altitude may be VEl!) as easily found throughthe utilization of the improved square as Will be apparent.

The face of the tongue B shown in Fig. 2 is provided with a plurality ofmarkings or lines from the three inch graduation to the end of thetongue. These lines indicate correctly the elevation lines of hiprafters with rises from4 3 to l2 inches per foot respectively for roofshaving the shape of diderent polygons. The lines 20 converging at thethree inch graduation are the elevation lines of hip rafters fortriangular roofs, While the lines converging at the six inch graduationare the elevation lines of hip rafters for a hexagon roof and so on, theelevation lines of each set being properly laid out for diierent roofrises per foot.

The use of the elevation lines 2O is illus trated in Fig. 8 wherein isdisclosed the method of framing a hexagonal rooif'having an altitude offour feet. This is accomplished by applying the bevel D to the elevationline 2O of a hip rafter for 'a one halt` pitch on a hexagon. NOW as thelength of each side of the hexagon in Fig. 8 is 28 inches then the bevelshould be applied as shown to the 14 inch graduation on edge of bladeand Where the vbevel crosses the edge of the tongue vvill give thelength of the desired common rafter Which is 34 inches, then noting thereading on the bevel Where the latter intersects the tongue Will givethe length of the desired hip rafters which is 37 inches. The roofshaving shapes of the various regular polygons .can be similarly framed.It Will be noted that in solving this problem the twelfths of an inchdivision are each read as an inch.

While several methods of utilizing the square have been illustrated anddescribed it Will be noted that it Will also serve in conjunction With acarpenters bevel in solving Without mathematical computation variousother problems that are apt to arise in the construction of building.

What is claimed is:

A carpenters square having the outer and inner edges of its blade andtongue graduated into equal divisions and numbered in regular order fromthe meeting point of said edges toward their free ends and furtherhaving lines radiating from the in* ner edge of the blade at certaingraduations, said lines meeting the inner edge of the blade at anglesrespectively equivalent to the angle formed by the sides of a regularpolygon having the same number of sides as the number of the graduationfrom which the lines radiate, and the angle formed by the side and themiter line of such polygon.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature, in presence of twoWitnesses.

JOHN L. TURNER.

- ldfitnesses:

W. W. Cox, M. M. MURPHY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. (l

